![]() ![]() Especially during mass events like the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing - which was initially the context of our work - a large service space is expected to support all mobile visitors, being athletes, journalists, or spectators. They enable the users to access a wide range of services and information without guiding them through their actual demands. Mobile devices such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones are in widespread use already today and converging to mobile smart phones. They can't engage in a complex searching task where interaction with the device interface is fundamental. Moreover, mobile users are often distracted or in a hurry (late for check-in at the airport, for example). The GUIs and peripherals of such devices are limited in comparison to their classical PC counterparts. If this is acceptable in everyday desktop use, it becomes a serious issue when the user must carry out the same task on a PDA or a mobile phone. ![]() ![]() Thus, information seeking can be rather cumbersome for the user, both cognitively (thinking of the right query to submit, checking the obtained results) and practically (lots of keystrokes and screen scrolls, many interactions with the user interface). Often the user must refine and resubmit the query in an iterative process. The user must submit a query to a Web search engine and then check the results to see if they really provide the desired information. The typical scenario of a user seeking information on the Web requires significant effort to get the desired information (Web pages, applications, resources, and so on). ![]()
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